The idea that a greater number of narrow interests make it difficult to formulate public policy that will serve the broader public interest is called ______.
a. the pluralist perspective
b. hyperpluralism
c. political representation
d. iron triangles
e. interest specificity
b. hyperpluralism
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Political parties are best defined as ______.
a. grassroots movements that find themselves in the heart of a political conflict or policy issue in an efficient and organized way b. disorganized factions of candidates and activists that seek to control the democratic process through the election process c. hierarchical layers of leaders, politicians, and supporters that seek to influence public policy through lobbying and political donations d. organized groups of candidates, officeholders, voters, and activists that work together to elect candidates for political office
A potential confounding factor that can occur in within-subjects designs if the researcher does not vary the order of presentation is called
A) sequence effects. B) counterbalancing. C) repeated measures. D) the placebo effect.
Consider the fact that members of Congress increasingly rely on journalists, think tanks, or other areas of expertise for information or ideas on which to base policy decisions. This supports the argument that __________
a. political parties have never played a substantive role in setting policy b. political parties are declining in their dominance of political functions c. political parties are expanding their dominance over how ideas become public policy d. political parties will continue, for example, to censor or outlaw the activities of think tanks
______ is a hybrid regime where formal opposition and some open political debate exist, but the regime cannot be considered democratic given how flawed these processes are.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).