A professor asks students to guess what percent of people in homeless shelters are parents and children. Before you can consider your answer, another student shouts out “about 10%.” Your answer may be either higher or lower than it would be otherwise because of:

Suppose that Elvis is opposed to smoking. And suppose that, even though his friends try to persuade him to try cigarettes, he stays true to his beliefs and resists their pressure. Research suggests that, as a result, Elvis is likely to ____

a. be even more firm in his anti-smoking beliefs b. end up being less sure of where he stands on the smoking issue c. be less able to resist pressure to start smoking in the future d. be more likely to secretly want to try cigarettes

The gradual decline in the reproductive capacity of the ovaries due to a decline in production of estrogen is referred to as ____.

A. menopause B. perimenopause C. periclimacteric D. climacteric

In most countries what is the age when people first receive the right to vote?

a. 16 years old b. 18 years old c. 20 years old d. 22 years old

Elliot Aronson modified Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory in his proposal of self-consistency dissonance theory. The main idea of Aronson’s modification is

a. some people’s personalities cause them to be reliably consistent or inconsistent b. some people are prone to higher degrees of dissonance than others in certain situations c. people experience dissonance when they act in ways they see as reflecting poorly on themselves d. some people do not experience dissonance at all