Under which of the following conditions can the alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PACO2) be increased?
1. When the body increases its production of CO2 (VCO2)
2. When the dead space ventilation per minute is increased (VD)
3. When the minute ventilation is inadequate (VE)
4. When the alveolar ventilation is decreased (VA)
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: D
The alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide, or PACO2, varies directly with the body's pro-duction of carbon dioxide (VCO2) and inversely with alveolar ventilation (VA). A decrease in alveolar ventilation occurs when the minute ventilation is inadequate, the dead space ventilation per minute is increased, or a / imbalance exists.
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