A long bone, such as the humerus of the upper arm, has which of the following structural characteristics?
A) A perichondrium that overlies most of the bone surface
B) A durable outer shell made of cancellous bone
C) A diaphysis at each end
D) An endosteum composed of osteogenic cells
Ans: D
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The endosteum is the membrane that lines the spaces of spongy bone, the marrow cavities, and the haversian canals of compact bone. It is composed mainly of osteoprogenitor cells that contribute to the growth and remodeling of bone and that are necessary for bone repair. The principle functions of the periosteum and endosteum are the nutrition of bone tissue and continuous supply of new osteoblasts for repair and growth of bone. The perichondrium lines cartilage, not bone, and the outer shell of long bones is compact, or cortical, bone. The diaphysis is the medial section of long bone; an epiphysis is found at each end of the bone.
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