What is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Innate immunity involves the recognition of particular conserved proteins in invading infective agents, related to the essential functions of the pathogens. Innate immunity is present in a variety of animals. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity involves a response over a period of days in which lymphocytes generate specific antibodies for recognition of a specific antigen by a process of generating and selecting from a variety of molecules.
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A mutation of a segmentation gene can result in
A. duplication of body parts. B. missing body regions. C. replacement of one body part with another. D. altered expression of homeotic genes. E. A segmentation gene mutation can cause all of these changes.
The five-toed limb of stem reptiles became modified
into a limb __________ in vertebrates that followed. a. suitable for high-speed running b. suitable for digging c. suitable for swimming d. with four fingers and an opposable thumb e. with all of these
Bacteria and plants both have a rigid cell wall outside the cell membrane
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Imagine an extinction event that results in a great loss of taxa but only an insignificant loss of morphological diversity. How has this mass extinction pruned the "tree of life?"
a. Big "branches" of the tree of life have been removed. b. Many exterior "twigs" have been pruned but not big branches. c. A single, taxon-rich, but morphologically homogenous, "branch" has gone extinct. d. A and C. e. B and C.