A randomized field experiment is designed to test the usefulness of a new DNA test for solving crimes. Crime clearance rates in police departments that use the new DNA test will be compared with crime clearance rates in police departments that use traditional DNA tests. The fact that some departments will not be using this new DNA test to solve crimes during the experiment may be ethically justifiable when ______.
A. citizens do not know about the new DNA test
B. there is no way of knowing whether the DNA test is of any value to solving crime
C. DNA tests have become affordable to police departments
D. the research is conducted in a high-crime area
Answer: B
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______, also known as 12-step programs, are composed of individuals who meet regularly to stabilize and facilitate their recovery from substance abuse.
A. Self-help groups B. Help yourself groups C. Ask for help groups D. I don’t need help groups
A state may grant greater rights that the United States Supreme Court under the adequate and independent state ground doctrine for each of the following reasons, EXCEPT
A. The state constitution's text describes rights in a positive form B. The state adopted the doctrine of nullification C. Framers of the state's constitution intended expanded liberties D. Local traditions lead to heightened definitions of state rights
__________ leadership is one type of gang leadership structure identified by Martin Sanchez Jankowski in his study of juvenile gangs in New York, Los Angeles, and Boston?
a. Cohesive b. Rotating c. Horizontal/commission d. Externally imposed
Which of the following describes a role of the judge in the courtroom?
A. Judges present the state’s case to the jury. B. Judges appeal convictions. C. Judges charge the defendant. D. Judges sentence the offender.