Discuss important aspects of prenatal environments that may influence autism.
What will be an ideal response?
Prenatal environment can also contribute to autism. The risk of autism increases if the mother is exposed during pregnancy to large amounts of pesticides, solvents, perfumes, or air pollutants (Mandy & Lai, 2016; Sealey et al., 2016). A large-scale study found that after the birth of a child with autism, a brother or sister born less than 18 months later had a 14.4 percent chance of having autism also, whereas a brother or sister born 4 years later had only a 6.8 percent chance. In addition, some mothers of children with autism-about 12 percent-have antibodies that attack certain brain proteins. Few if any mothers of unaffected children have these antibodies. One more contributing factor: Nutritionists recommend that pregnant women and women planning to become pregnant get adequate amounts of folic acid (vitamin B9), either from leafy green vegetables and orange juice, or from vitamin pills. Folic acid is important for development of the nervous system. Women who take folic acid pills during pregnancy have about half the probability of having a child with autism, compared to other women (Surén et al., 2013).
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Psychologists at Würzburg, when studying what happened in between the presentation of a stimulus and the formation of introspectable mental content, found that research participants could not always explain why they had given the answers they had. The Würzburg psychologists called these ____
a. determining tendencies c. introspective failures b. cognitive sets d. imageless thoughts
You are out for a drive with the family and are lucky enough to get a window seat. The rapidly passing scenery you see out the window is first stored in ________ memory
a) primary b) sensory c) long-term d) short-term
Samantha was shopping with her friends at the mall when she suddenly began to feel dizzy. Although the mall was quite cold, she began sweating heavily. By the time her friends took her to a doctor, her symptoms had subsided and the doctor could not identify the trigger for her attack. In the given scenario, which of the following is Samantha most likely suffering from?
A. obsessive-compulsive disorder B. social phobia C. antisocial personality disorder D. panic disorder
One is given a vocational-interest test and is then asked to attempt the same test a week later. The test administrator wants to measure the ___________ of the test
a. content validity
b. test-retest reliability
c. alternate-forms reliability
d. criterion validity