Answer the following questions true (T) or false (F)

1. Myofilaments shorten to produce muscle contractions according to the sliding filament mechanism.

2. Electrical gradients exist because sodium and potassium ions are separated on either side of the plasma membrane.

3. The Na+/K+ ATPase (Na+/K+ pump) maintains the concentration gradients for sodium and potassium ions by moving two sodium ions out of the cell and three potassium ions into the cell.


1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE

Anatomy & Physiology

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Which of the listed cranial bones contain the organs of hearing and balance, and articulate with the mandible?

a) Frontal b) Temporal c) Parietal d) Occipital e) Nasal

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After childbirth, a woman begins experiencing tremendous pain in her groin, making it difficult for her to walk. An X-ray shows a fracture extending from her symphysis pubis to the inferior ramus of the pubis. As a result of the fracture, which group of muscles might be impaired?

A. Hip flexors B. Thigh abductors C. Hip extensors D. Lateral rotators E. Thigh adductors

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Feline ________________________________________ is a retrovirus that may produce elevated numbers of abnormal leukocytes, as well as immune suppression, cancer, and illness associated with immune suppression

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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The epithalamus is composed of the pituitary gland and habenular nucleus.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Anatomy & Physiology