Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania prison model with the Auburn Silent System
What will be an ideal response?
? The Pennsylvania model was based on the belief that most prisoners would benefit from the experience of incarceration; thus, the first penitentiary was constructed, called the Eastern State Penitentiary.
? Here, inmates were isolated, and penitence, pastoral counseling, and reasonable discipline would attempt to correct antisocial behavior.
? Solitude was the goal, and prisoners spent their days alone.
? Within a few years, crowding became a problem so inmates had to be doubled up. Eventually, allegations of brutality emerged.
? Ultimately, the Pennsylvania model had the goals of reformation and deterrence of the offender.
? Auburn officials were also committed to the idea that solitude is essential to prison discipline. This system demanded silence from all convicts at all times. However, the inmates were not completely isolated from one another. They would eat and work together, while remaining silent.
? The Auburn system was a pragmatic effort to administer the processes of punishment as cheaply as possible.
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Levitt and Venkatesh's research on the financial activities of a drug-selling street gang indicates that:
a. money appears to be the most significant motivating factor in drug dealing b. drug-selling gang members never use drugs themselves c. at least for drug dealers, factors other than income may explain participation in this activity d. none of the above
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A) citizen policing B) citizen patrols C) citizen police academies D) civilianization
When a group shares symbols, beliefs, and attitudes, this is referred to as a. a subculture
b. a subcommunity. c. a suboccupation. d. subprofessionals.