Characteristic x-ray spectra come from
B.
Characteristic x rays are emitted when a highly bound electron is ejected from an inner (K, L) shell and an electron from an outer shell drops down to replace it. The difference in binding energies produces a photon, usually of high energy like an x ray.
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Riding down a river in an old canoe, if the discharge of the river does not increase and the river gets very wide and deep, the speed of the river will
A) decrease. B) increase. C) stay the same. D) become unpredictable.
An atom can be excited into a higher energy state by
a. emitting a photon. b. absorbing a photon. c. undergoing the photoelectric effect. d. decreasing its de Broglie wavelength. e. the uncertainty principle.
The fact that the life on Earth seems to have appeared quite rapidly suggests that life
A) can arise on most habitable worlds B) can only appear soon after a planet forms C) on any kind of planet is inevitable D) is only possible on Earth-like planets
Applications to Astronomy: A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows stars on a plot of
A. apparent brightness vs. temperature. B. luminosity vs. temperature. C. luminosity vs. distance. D. magnitude vs. apparent brightness.