The patient is on PN and is lethargic. He has been complaining of thirst and headache and has had increased urination. Which of the following problems would cause these symptoms?
a. Electrolyte imbalance
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Hypercapnia
C
Signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia are thirst, headache, lethargy, and increased urination. Electrolyte imbalance is marked by changes in Na, Ca, K, Cl, PO4, Mg, and CO2 levels. These have to be monitored closely when patients are on PN. Hypercapnia increases oxygen consumption and increases CO2 levels. Ventilator-dependent patients are at greatest risk for this. Hypoglycemia is characterized by diaphoresis, shakiness, confusion, and loss of consciousness.
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