What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?
A. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Punishment
D. Positive reinforcement
Answer: C
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The influence of mechanism on Titchener is exemplified in his ____.?
a. ?atomism b. ?elementism c. ?determinism d. ?use of the dehumanizing term subjects rather than observers e. ?use of the chemistry term reagents instead of observers
In order to successfully shape Sniffy’s begging behavior in Exercise 45, it is essential that the sound-food association be at its maximum, because
a. such shaping will require the sound of the magazine but not food. b. such shaping requires the previous establishment of a secondary reinforcer. c. the begging behavior to be shaped resembles a bar press. d. the sound-bar association will be close to zero.
Traditional psychoanalysis might not be:
A. as unproductive as once believed B. the most commonly used treatment for much longer C. fully covered by health insurance plans D. incorporated into other treatment approaches
Operational definitions:
a. ensure the results of a scientific investigation will be externally valid b. define concepts in terms of how they will be measured c. are only necessary in experimental studies d. define concepts in abstract terms