Which of the following is a reason why a researcher can dispense with informed consent?
a. They do not have time in their study to collect informed consent.
b. Participants have told the researchers that informed consent is not necessary.
c. The researchers are investigating a normal educational activity which would not create stress or harm.
d. The researchers have evaluated the distress or harm in their study and have decided that there is none.
C
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The power of American judges to nullify decisions and actions by other branches of government, if the judges decide those actions violate the U.S. Constitution or the relevant state constitution, is known as __________
a. judicial implementation b. judicial review c. common law d. public trust
What is the third-largest area of government spending, with total appropriations of about $12 billion a year?
a. criminal justice b. health and human services c. public safety d. business and economic development
Except for a time during the Civil War under President Abraham Lincoln’s administration, individual incomes ______.
a. have always been taxed b. were not measured c. were taxed at a flat rate d. were not taxed until 1913
Which groups often form iron triangles?
a. legislators, regulators, and the groups being regulated b. the people, legislators, and judges c. the president, legislators, and judges d. legislators, super PACs, and interest groups