Compared to infants of mothers who are not depressed, infants of depressed mothers ________ in the weeks after birth.
A. sleep more consistently
B. are less attentive to their surroundings
C. have lowered cortisol levels
D. display increased sensitivity to touch
Answer: B
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Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listened to two different messages, one presented to each ear, found that people
A. could focus on a message only if they are repeating it. B. could focus on a message only if they rehearsed it. C. could focus on one message and ignore the other one at the same time. D. could not focus on a message presented to only one ear.
Lionel never used to worry about driving in the snow until he skidded off the highway one morning during a heavy snowfall. As the back end of the car started to fishtail, Lionel's heart started to race and he became terrified. Now he finds that just getting into his car when there is snow falling causes him to become extremely agitated. In this example of classical conditioning, the conditioned
stimulus is: a. getting into the car when there is snow falling b. the car sliding on the icy roadway c. the agitation that Lionel feels when he gets into the car on snowy days d. Lionel's increased heart rate as the car slipped on the icy road
Who was the first to describe trial-and-error learning, which later became important to the behavioral theories of Pavlov, Thorndike, and Skinner?
a. Alexander Bain c. Max Weber b. Herbert Spencer d. Johann Herbart
The negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration are called __________
a) eustress b) burnout c) dysphoria d) epidemiology