The patient has new-onset restlessness and confusion. His pulse rate is elevated, as is his respiratory rate. His oxygen saturation, however, is 94% according to the portable pulse oximeter
The nurse ignores the oximeter reading and calls the physician to obtain an order for an arterial blood gas (ABG). The nurse does this because many things can cause inaccurate pulse oximetry readings, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. O2 saturations (SaO2) >70%
b. Carbon monoxide inhalation
c. Nail polish
d. Hypothermia at the assessment site
e. Intravascular dyes
ANS: B, C, D, E
Inaccurate pulse oximetry readings can be caused by outside light sources, carbon monoxide (caused by smoke inhalation or poisoning), patient motion, jaundice, intravascular dyes (methylene blue), nail polish, artificial nails, metal studs, or dark skin. Other factors include peripheral vascular disease (atherosclerosis), hypothermia at the assessment site, pharmacological vasoconstrictors (e.g., epinephrine), low cardiac output, hypotension, peripheral edema, and tight probes.
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The rationale for the 1992 changes in the Food and Drug Administration regulations to permit accelerated approval of drugs for the treatment of life-threatening or severely debilitating disease was:
A. to allow for marketing before completion of Phase II of drug trials. B. to ensure that the unknown risks associated with early approval are balanced by the need for effective drugs. C. to change the rules because existing FDA regulations were too stringent for potentially effective drugs. D. to accelerate approval of new drugs to give physicians the option of using them without research findings.
A preoperative assessment shows that a client's hemoglobin level is dropping. The anesthetist orders 3 units of blood to be administered
The nurse administers the first unit before discovering that the client is a Jehovah's Witness, as documented in the record. This is an example of a. professional conduct. b. a negligent act. c. physical abuse. d. breaching client confidentiality.
A nurse working in the nursery notes that a newborn is having frequent episodes of apnea lasting 10 to 15 seconds without any changes in color or decreases in heart rate. Which intervention would be the most appropriate?
1. Continue to observe and call the healthcare provider if the apnea lasts longer than 20 seconds. 2. Suction the mouth and nares. 3. Call the healthcare provider immediately. 4. Turn the newborn to the right side.
The nurse is explaining the health insurance portability and accountability act to a group of new employees. What should the nurse include when explaining its purpose? Select all that apply
A. Protects health insurance benefits B. Provide transferability of insurance to others C. Protects family members D. Protects those with pre-existing conditions E. Provides personal health information privacy