An elderly woman with a fractured hip is being cared for on your unit. What are contributory factors in the incidence of falls and fractured hips? (Mark all that apply.)
A) Living alone
B) TIAs
C) Emboli
D) Decreased hearing
E) General frailty
Ans: B, C, E
Feedback: Elderly people (particularly women) who have low bone density from osteoporosis and who tend to fall frequently have a high incidence of hip fracture. Weak quadriceps muscles, general frailty due to age, and conditions that produce decreased cerebral arterial perfusion (transient ischemic attacks, anemia, emboli, cardiovascular disease, effects of medications) contribute to the incidence of falls. Decreased hearing and living alone do not contribute to the incidence of falls.
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