Most homicide cases in the United States would fall into which category of the wedding cake model?
a. layer 1
b. layer 2
c. layer 3
d. layer 4
e. local crimes are not included
b
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What did researchers generally find about the efficacy of correctional programs?
A. There are many correctional programs that can reduce recidivism B. There are few correctional programs that reduce recidivism C. There are hundreds of correctional programs that have the potential to reduce recidivism, but are ineffective D. There is not enough funding or trained professionals in correctional facilities E. Efficacy of correctional programs varied by state
Identify which of the following is NOT part of the true cultural defense.
A. The person is a member of an ethnic or religious or other distinct group. B. The behavior is required by the group’s cultural tradition. C. Individuals are aware and a reasonable person would be aware that the act violated U.S. domestic criminal law. D. The interest in respecting and recognizing the individual’s cultural tradition is outweighed by the social interest in preventing the criminal behavior.
Scholars argued that which of the following has been a core challenge with Sutherland’s definition of white-collar crime?
a. Its conceptually unclear b. Its vague c. It prevented more in-depth research in the area d. All of the above
Which of the following ultimately happens to most defendants whose charges are not dropped?
A. They go to trial. B. They plead guilty. C. They are found innocent. D. They are found not guilty by reason of insanity. E. They are acquitted.