Flight 93, hijacked on September 11, 2001, crashed into the Pennsylvania countryside because some of the passengers decided to try to take control of the plane
and prevent it from being used as a weapon of mass destruction against structures in Washington, D.C. They decided to act despite grave danger to themselves. This is an example of which level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
a.
Preconventional
b.
Conventional
c.
Postconventional
d.
Conventional phase 4
ANS: C
A
In the preconventional level, the person's self-interest takes precedence over group norms.
B
In the conventional level, the person conforms to group norms.
C
People in the postconventional level of moral development may ignore self-interest and group norms when making decisions and may sacrifice themselves for the group.
D
Phase 4 of the conventional level follows group and cultural norms.
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