Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
¿Tiene (casas de cambio, maletas, bebidas) alcohólicas?
bebidas
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J'espère que nous ________________
What will be an ideal response?
The witchcraft cases in Salem in 1691-1692 at first resembled those in other places and times. Several girls experimented with magic, aided by a slave woman Tituba and her husband John, who together baked a "witch cake" of rye meal and urine, feeding it to a dog. The girls, who included nine-year-old Betty Parris, the daughter of Salem Village's minister, started having fits, presumably caused by
witches. According to one report, the girls began "getting into holes, and creeping under chairs and stools, and to use sundry odd postures and antic gestures, uttering foolish ridiculous speeches." Possession spread to other village girls, leading to the arrest of three women as witches—Tituba; a poor beggar, Sarah Good; and an ailing elderly woman, Sarah Osborne. These three alleged witches were the sort of people traditionally prosecuted for the crime. Generally, in witchcraft cases, the accused were women past menopause, who in various ways deviated from expected roles. They had fewer children than the average woman their age. Lacking sons, a significant percentage of accused witches were heirs or potential heirs of estates, with greater economic autonomy than most New England women. Some claimed the power of a "cunning woman" to heal and foretell the future; many had been convicted of assaultive speech; and they were often involved in conflict with their families and neighborhoods. Revealingly, men of the same age group and troublesome character were much less likely to be identified as witches. These assertive old women went beyond the accepted bounds of female behavior and, as a result, became vulnerable to prosecution as witches. While the Salem craze commenced in the time-worn fashion, it soon engulfed people of all social levels. Accusations descended upon prosperous church members, a minister, a wealthy shipowner, and several town officials. Hysteria spread from Salem to adjacent towns. Over threequarters of the alleged witches were women; half of the accused men were their relations. Of those executed, fourteen women and five men were hanged on "Witches Hill" and another man was crushed to death with stones. Only one of the dead was of high status—the Puritan minister George Burroughs. Governor Phips, supported by influential clergymen, had allowed the prosecutions to proceed after his arrival, but put a stop to them when the accusers pointed to people at the highest levels of society, most significantly, to his own wife, Mary Phips. It had become clear, to many besides the governor, that the situation was out of control, that the evidence presented by the possessed was unreliable and quite likely the work of the devil. After Salem, witchcraft no longer assumed its earlier importance in New England society. In the third paragraph, the meaning of the word adjacent is a. foreign. b. nearby. c. strange. d. lower class.
1 When you imagine a college classroom, what do you see? Is there a
professor at the front of a large hall giving a lecture while students sit in rows, listening and taking notes? Or are students sitting at tables in groups of four and five, discussing a problem they are trying to solve while the professor moves from group to group to answer questions? More than likely, the first arrangement came to mind when you thought of this classroom. This situation represents the most common classroom interaction, the one which is most familiar to all of us. 2 Researchers who study classroom interaction would describe the first arrangement with a professor lecturing as a teacher-fronted classroom. In a teacher-fronted classroom, the instructor's talk is most important. In these classrooms, the teacher decides the topics that will be discussed and also decides when a student will talk. Many students are comfortable with this kind of interaction and classroom organization because they have experienced it throughout their school experiences. Primary school teachers often use a teacherfronted classroom to help students with their learning. For example, a first grade teacher may tell a story about a zebra and then ask several questions such as, "What color is a zebra?" The students will then answer, "Black and white." Or the teacher may ask, "What letter does the word zebra start with?" and the students will answer, "Z." In these situations, the teacher already knows the answer to the questions. However, he or she asks these simple questions to help the students build their confidence and to help them learn how to participate in class. 3 The teacher-fronted classroom may work well at the lower levels, but it does not necessarily work well at the college level. Often, students in college would like to ask their own questions or introduce their own topics, especially when working on something difficult. They also may wish to have more detailed discussions which go beyond a question / answer organization. Finally, they may want to have discussions with fellow students in class as well as with their instructors. In contrast, a college professor may choose to use a teacher-fronted format simply because he or she has so much material that must be covered in a single lecture, and there is not enough time for long discussions in class. 4 The second scene, with students sitting in groups, is called a student-centered classroom. In this type of classroom organization, student talk, rather than teacher talk, is most important. Students have the opportunity to ask questions, start new topics and follow up with longer discussions with both classmates and teachers. Very often, in this type of classroom, students are seated in chairs at tables rather than seated in a row. They have the opportunity to move around as they complete their classroom assignments. This type of organization is often very popular with teachers and students, but it does create more responsibility for the instructor who has to participate in many different discussions and who must do much more planning to have a successful class. A science lab setting, where students are working in groups to solve a problem and where the instructor is moving from group to group is an example of a. a student-centered classroom. b. a teacher-fronted classroom. c. none of the above.
La universidad y los hispanohablantes: Luces y sombras
1. Explica lo que es una facultad en una universidad hispana. 2. ¿Dónde se encuentra una de las cuatro universidades más antiguas del Nuevo Mundo? _________________________ (ciudad), _________________________ (país