Describe visceral fat and its metabolic effects. Explain how high levels of visceral fat can lead to increased disease risk
Visceral fat lies beneath skin and muscles of the abdomen, and around internal organs. It is much more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat (fat that lies beneath the skin) and is more strongly related to disease risk. Metabolic processes initiated by visceral fat produce chronic inflammation, free-radical generation, and oxidative stress. These disruptions promote the development of insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride concentrations, and increased blood pressure. These changes, in turn, increase the risk of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and other clinical conditions during pregnancy. Normal-weight and overweight individuals with excessive visceral fat deposits are also at increased risk of metabolic abnormalities and diseases associated with them.
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