Name the general category into which double-stranded circular extrachromosomal DNA elements such as F factors, ColE1, and R would fall
A) partial diploid
B) capsid
C) plasmid
D) r-determinant
E) plaque
Answer: C
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Approximately 99% of the microbes in the intestines are obligate anaerobes. We have plenty of blood vessels that can bring oxygen to the tissues of the intestines
Why would there be obligate anaerobes within these areas? A. The bacteria in the intestines are protected from exposure to the oxygen in the tissues by the lining of the intestines. B. The bacteria consume all the oxygen in the tissue areas brought by the blood vessels, creating an anaerobic environment. C. The inside space of the intestines, where bacteria reside, is highly anaerobic. It is deep inside the body where oxygen cannot reach AND, unlike the surrounding tissues, it is not supplied with blood. D. The aerobic microbes are outcompeted for nutrients in these areas by the anaerobic microbes.
What is the substrate for beta-galactosidase in bacterial screening assays that check for colonies having
recombinant DNA?
a. lactose b. X-gal c. sucrose d. blue azure e. bromophenol blue
One example of a vaccine made from weakened toxin protects against
a. pertusis. b. polio. c. German measles. d. measles. e. tetanus.
Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane?
A) Gram-negative bacteria only B) Gram-positive bacteria only C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria D) archaea E) all prokaryotes