Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. The act of committing the crime begins the labeling process.
2. Primary deviance refers to the initial deviant act itself.
3. Deviance entrepreneurs are agents or officials who are concerned with creating and labeling new categories of deviance in order to expand the social control function of their organization.
4. In his shaming theory, Braithwaite argues that increasing the stigmatization of offenders will be effective in deterring crime.
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
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The terms supermax prison, control unit, and secured housing unit all refer to facilities at the highest security level, with prisoners isolated from the general population and from each other
a. True b. False
Group-oriented, accepted, reinforced, and in¬ternalized expectations are called
a. attitudes b. beliefs c. values d. sanctions e. none of the above
A person is most likely to commit a crime if the ____ are greater than the potential costs.
A. perceived benefits B. opportunities C. reprisals D. rewards
Criminal ________ can result in incarceration of the noncompliant party if the moving party can prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the noncompliant party refused to comply with a court order.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).