The nurse discovers a heart murmur in an infant 1 hour after birth. She is aware that fetal shunts are closed in the neonate at what point?
a. When the umbilical cord is cut
b. Within several days of birth
c. Within a month after birth
d. By the end of the first year of life
B
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A With the neonate's first breath, gas exchange is transferred from the placenta to
the lungs. The separation of the fetus from the umbilical cord does not contribute
to the establishment of neonatal circulation.
B In the normal neonate, fetal shunts functionally close in response to pressure
changes in the systemic and pulmonary circulations and to increased oxygen
content. This process may take several days to complete.
C The fetal shunts normally close within several days of birth.
D Fetal shunts normally close soon after birth but may take several days.
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A group of nursing students is preparing a presentation for teens. Their focus is on healthful living. Which of the following statements by a participant indicates an inadequate understanding of the content?
A) The rates of disability are decreasing in the United States. B) The majority of senior citizens have at least one chronic condition. C) Respiratory disorders are one of the leading causes of disability in the United States. D) The beginnings of chronic disease are noted in populations starting around age 30.
Which of the following is important to remember when caring for clients of different cultures?
a. All people want to be treated in the same manner. b. Cultural differences are most noticeable between eastern and western cultures. c. Broad assumptions can be made about a particular culture. d. All individuals want to be treated with special attention to individual needs.
A nurse is preparing to teach a class related to risk factors for cancer to a diverse ethnic group attending a health fair. The nurse should be aware:
a. that Hispanic women overestimate the prevalence of cancer and strictly following breast self-exam guidelines. b. of the importance of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption that increase esophageal cancer when speaking with African American. c. that American-Indian women have a higher rate of ovarian cancer than the general population. d. that cancer as well as heart disease and stroke are lower in ethnic groups.
The nurse caring for a client receiving cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) for pernicious anemia would monitor which laboratory values during therapy?
1. Blood urea nitrogen, urine creatinine, and urinalysis 2. Reticulocyte count, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit 3. Liver function studies, including bilirubin, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase 4. Serum sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride levels