After teaching a group of students about fetal heart rate patterns, the instructor determines the need for additional teaching when the students identify which of the following as indicating normal fetal acid–base status? (Select all that apply.)
A) Sinusoidal pattern
B) Recurrent variable decelerations
C) Fetal bradycardia
D) Absence of late decelerations
E) Moderate baseline variability
A, B, C
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Predictors of normal fetal acid–base status include a baseline rate between 110 and 160 bpm, moderate baseline variability, and absences of later or variable decelerations. Sinusoidal pattern, recurrent variable decelerations, and fetal bradycardia are predictive of abnormal fetal acid–base status.
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