Throughout this test, write your answer on the form provided. Erasure marks may cause the grading machine to mark your answer wrong. INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each. It is a fact that major life forms now on earth were not at all represented in the past. There were no birds or

mammals 250 million years ago. It is a fact that major life forms of the past are no longer living. There used to be dinosaurs and Pithecanthropus, and there are none now. It is a fact that all living forms came from previously living forms. Therefore, all present forms of life arose from ancestral forms that were different: birds arose from nonbirds and humans from nonhumans. R.C. Lewontin, "Evolution/Creation Debate: A Time for Truth"

A) Argument; conclusion: It is a fact that all living forms ... previously living forms.

B) Argument; conclusion: It is a fact that major life forms of the past are no longer living.

C) Nonargument.

D) Argument; conclusion: It is a fact that major life forms ... represented in the past.

E) Argument; conclusion: All present forms of life ... forms that were different.


E

Philosophy & Belief

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