What does the nurse expect will occur in a patient as a result of decreased fluid intake? (Select all that apply.)
a. Fluid will be withdrawn from the stool
b. The stool becomes hard and dry
c. Less mucus is formed in the colon
d. Lumen of bowel constricts because of smaller bulk
e. Peristalsis slows
ANS: A, B, C
Inadequate fluid intake causes fluid to be withdrawn from the stool for the body's fluid needs, making the stool dry and hard. There is less mucus in the bowel from age-related changes and diminished mucus production because of decreased fluid. Slowed peristalsis is not related to fluid intake. Lumen of the bowel does not constrict because of smaller bulk.
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