Which of the following particles (or groups of particles) are made up of quarks?
A) protons, neutrons, and electrons
B) electrons and neutrinos
C) photons
D) protons and neutrons
E) All particles except for photons are made up of quarks.
D
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The only two layers of Earth's atmosphere that have temperature gradients that allow convection to take place are
a. the troposphere and the thermosphere. b. the mesosphere and the stratosphere. c. the thermosphere and the stratosphere. d. the troposphere and the mesosphere. e. the troposphere and the stratosphere.
Two stars have the same luminosity. Star X is spectral type F, while Star Y is spectral type K. Star X must be larger in radius than Star Y
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
All the following statements are true. Which one explains why our calendar has leap years?
A) Earth's axis precesses with a period of about 26,000 years. B) There is a difference between a sidereal year and a tropical year. C) A tropical year is slightly more than 365 days. D) Earth's speed varies as it orbits the Sun.
What is the primary way in which we determine the mass distribution of a spiral galaxy?
A) We construct its rotation curve by measuring Doppler shifts from gas clouds at different distances from the galaxy's center. B) We calculate its mass-to-light ratio. C) We apply Newton's version of Kepler's third law to the orbits of globular clusters in the galaxy's halo. D) We count the number of stars we can see at different distances from the galaxy's center.