Penny, a kindergartner, wants to learn how to draw a letter Q the way it appears in her coloring book. Penny's teacher watches her carefully and reinforces every attempt Penny makes to draw the letter Q correctly until the child actually draws the letter properly. This best demonstrates
a. shaping.
b. negative reinforcement.
c. classical conditioning.
d. spontaneous recovery.
a
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The most important thing to realize about creativity is that:
a. it involves both convergent and divergent thinking. b. everyone possesses a certain amount of it. c. it involves many kinds of thought processes. d. it involves both convergent and divergent thinking, everyone possesses a certain amount of it, and it involves many kinds of thought processes.
Standardized tests linked to intraindividual differences are called
a. criterion-referenced tests. b. norm-referenced tests. c. curriculum-based measurements. d. mastery-based assessments.
When rating study skills, communication skills, citizenship, and leadership Mrs. Jones gives Sally, her favorite student, high marks in all areas. The type of error involved in Mrs. Jones's rating is called the
a. logical error. c. halo effect. b. generosity error. d. central tendency error.
What is emergent literacy and how might it be fostered?
What will be an ideal response?