Explain how the quality and quantity of child care affect children.
What will be an ideal response?
When the quality of caregiving was high, children performed better on cognitive and language tasks, were more cooperative with their mothers during play, showed more positive and skilled interaction with peers, and had fewer behavior problems. Caregiver training and good child-staff ratios were connected to higher cognitive and social competence when children were 54 months of age. Poor-quality care was related to insecure attachment, but only if the mother was low in sensitivity and responsiveness. In terms of amount, above 30 hours or more per week in child care led to less optimal development, and more time in non-relative child care was connected to higher levels of risk taking and impulsivity at 15 years of age. However, some research has shown that as long as the child care is of high quality, increased quantity, even more than 45 hours a week, is connected to reduced internalizing and externalizing problems.
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Which of the following is LESS highly canalized?
a. Learning to sit up b. Learning to crawl c. Learning to speak two-word utterances d. Intelligence
What is the correct order of the four stages of cognitive development, according to Piaget?
a. sensorimotor period, formal operational period, preoperational period, concrete operational period b. sensorimotor period, preoperational period, concrete operational period, formal operational period c. preoperational period, sensorimotor period, formal operational period, concrete operational period d. formal operational period, concrete operational period, preoperational period, sensorimotor period
The text suggests that enhanced perceptual accuracy is LESS likely if we
a. rely only on our motivations and expectations. b. voluntarily direct attention toward sensations that are normally tuned out. c. engage in reality testing. d. interrupt habituation and break perceptual sets.
In naturalistic observation, researchers may try to avoid interfering with the process under study by:
a. making unobtrusive observations. b. making selective perceptions. c. using trained observers. d. avoiding reactive behaviors.