Discuss why iodine deficiency is a significant public health problem worldwide. What can be done to solve this problem?
Iodine deficiency is a significant public health problem worldwide because, despite iodinization programs, iodine intake even in some developed countries remains low and quite variable. Also, an iodine deficiency is most prevalent in countries without iodized salt and those that are not bordered by an ocean or sea.
Babies born to iodine-deficient mothers often develop cretinism, which causes severe mental retardation, poor growth, infertility, and increased risk for mortality.
Goiters large enough to obstruct a person's trachea can develop when iodine deficiency occurs in children and adults.
Iodine deficiency disorders can be prevented and treated by providing iodine-rich foods (ocean fish and mollusks, seaweed [such as nori], and dairy products if iodine is used in milk processing), iodine supplements, and/or iodized salt in conjunction with education programs that help people understand the importance of consuming sufficient iodine.
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