A pregnant client complains that since she has been pregnant, her nose is always stuffed and she feels like she has a cold. Past medical history is negative for respiratory problems such as hay fever, sinusitis, or other allergies
What is the most likely cause for the client's presentation?
a. Increased effects of progesterone to maintain the pregnancy
b. Effects of estrogen on the respiratory tract
c. Development of allergies as a result of pregnancy because of altered immunity
d. Increase in fluid consumption during pregnancy leading to overhydration
ANS: B
Increasing estrogen levels during pregnancy can affect the respiratory tract passages, leading to increased vascular responses that manifest as coldlike symptoms. Progesterone, as the hormone of pregnancy, maintains the pregnancy and does not have any direct effects on the maternal respiratory passages. Although it is possible for a client to develop allergies based on exposure to antigen triggers, it is not typically associated with pregnancy states. An increase in fluid may lead to potential edema, but it is not associated with coldlike symptoms.
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