Which of the following clients would be the most likely candidate to develop respiratory acidosis?
A) A client who has renal disease
B) A client who is hyperventilating
C) A client who has excessive gastric suctioning
D) A client who has emphysema
D
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An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood characterizes a condition called respiratory acidosis. It may occur in pneumonia, emphysema, and asthma, and after administration of large doses of certain drugs (barbiturates, narcotic analgesics), all of which cause hypoventilation. Excess loss of bicarbonate or excessive retention of hydrogen ions owing to renal disease is a common cause of metabolic acidosis. A condition called respiratory alkalosis is a deficit of plasma CO2 (carbonic acid [H2CO3]). This situation is usually caused by hyperventilation. Metabolic alkalosis is caused by an excess of bicarbonate, often owing to excess bicarbonate antacid administration or a loss of acids, such as through vomiting or excessive gastric suctioning.
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