Describe the cognitive abilities and limitations of preoperational children
What will be an ideal response?
Although children in this stage still show confusion between symbols and the objects
they represent, they are beginning to understand how their own minds work. In
addition, children are beginning to use symbols to represent objects. This is necessary
for the development of language. Children in this stage are beginning to engage in
symbolic or "pretend" play, which demonstrates advancements in the ability to imagine.
Preschool-aged children are highly egocentric, assuming that others think the same
things they do. They are still unable to understand conservation tasks because they still
show one-dimensional thinking. They are likely to display animism (in which thoughts
and feelings are attributed to inanimate objects) and artificialism (such as believing that
people create thunder).
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A design that compares different groups of scores obtained from separate groups of participants is a ____ design
a. single-subjects b. between-subjects c. within-subject d. matched groups
A reliable response becomes less resistant to extinction if it is rewarded on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
What category of therapy is most concerned with improving a client's awareness of the underlying causes of his or her difficulties?
A) Behavioral B) Biological C) Cognitive D) Insight
Bekhterev was never seen again and was presumed dead after ____
a. a psychiatric consultation with Stalin in which Bekhterev diagnosed him as paranoid b. a trip to Germany to consult with medical experts there c. a heated argument with Pavlov regarding the quality of research conducted at Pavlov’s laboratory d. a heated argument with Pavlov over support for the 1917 Russian Revolution