Define concave root surface and list its common causes and consequences.
What will be an ideal response?
A concave root surface (suck back) occurs when the back side of the root weld is concave in shape. Common causes for this condition are when insufficient filler metal is added to the joint, or excessive heat is used in the overhead position. The concavity of the root surface results in reduced thickness (actual throat) of the weld, which in turn causes a lower joint strength.
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