Compare and contrast osmoregulation of freshwater fish and marine fish. What will be an ideal response?
Freshwater fishes live in a hypotonic environment; consequently, water continuously enters
the body, and salts diffuse out. To counteract these tendencies, the gills move some water out
and actively transport salts in. In addition, the kidneys excrete large amounts of dilute urine.
Marine fishes live in a hypertonic environment; consequently, they lose water via osmosis
and gain salt. To compensate, marine bony fishes drink sea water, their gills excrete salt, and
their kidneys excrete only a small amount of urine.
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All of the following structures are associated with an intestinal fold except: a. salivary secretions
b. lymph vessel. c. microvilli. d. blood vessel. e. villi.
Which of the following viruses has not been associated with a particular type of cancer?
A) influenza virus B) hepatitis B virus C) Epstein–Barr virus D) human papilloma virus E) hepatitis C virus
Chloroplasts
A. contain bacterial type DNA. B. contain bacterial type ribosomes. C. reproduce independently of the cell. D. All of these answers are correct.
In contrast to a primary immune response, immunological memory
A) generates higher antibody titers. B) provides a rapid reactivation of both cellular and humoral responses including generating higher antibody titers and antibodies with increased affinity for its antigen. C) provides a rapid reactivation of humoral responses only by generating higher antibody titers and antibodies with increased affinity for its antigen. D) provides a rapid reactivation of both cellular and humoral responses. E) generates antibodies with enhanced affinity for its antigen.