Benign Vibrio cholerae becomes pathogenic by all of the following steps except
A. the cholera toxin gene is incorporated into the benign Vibrio cholerae chromosome.
B. a bacteriophage introduces a gene coding for the cholera toxin.
C. the cholera toxin gene is translated.
D. the benign host is transformed into a disease-causing agent by the toxin.
E. a bacteriophage binds only to benign Vibrio cholerae without pili.
Answer: E
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Which drawing in the figure above depicts an atom with six valence electrons?
A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E
The physical barrier of the skin and the mucus produced by the epithelial cells lining body cavities ____
a. activate the complement system b. release histamines c. facilitate the production of antibodies d. comprise the innate immune system e. protect the body from infection by pathogens
Damage to the ground meristem of a plant would result in
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In lakes and ponds of temperate latitudes, the upper and bottom layers of water usually turn over as water warms up during spring
Indicate whether the statement is true or false