The tendency to overestimate the likelihood that a target is part of a larger category if it has features that seem symbolic of that category is called:
A) false consensus.
B) the fundamental attribution error.
C) the halo effect.
D) the representativeness heuristic.
Answer: D) the representativeness heuristic.
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Regarding mental age, which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Mental age is also known as ratio intelligence quotients. b. Mental age tells nothing about whether overall intelligence is high or low. c. Mental age is a better measure of intelligence than deviation IQ. d. A person's mental age will be lower than his or her chronological age if the person has superior intelligence.
When one's mental age is higher than one's actual age in years, then
a. the test lacks reliability. b. one's IQ is over 100. c. one's IQ is below 100. d. one's IQ is 100.
An important step in overcoming a phobia is to construct a hierarchy which involves
a. an ordered list of fear-provoking stimuli. b. covert sensitization. c. a list of possible causes of the phobia. d. making a list of situations that produce pleasure or relaxation.
Which of the following illustrates the concept of craving?
a. A man ingests an aspirin to rid himself of a strong headache. b. A hungry rat presses a lever to obtain a food pellet. c. A rat presses a lever that results in delivery of a shock through the floor of the chamber. d. A woman injects heroin into her veins to obtain a "rush." e. An injection of cocaine reinstates responding for intravenous cocaine in a rat that underwent extinction of cocaine responding.