What are the varieties of civilian review? How do they differ from one another?
What will be an ideal response?
A study of citizen complaints against police has identified three distinct forms of the process: (1) civilian review; (2) civilian input; and (3) civilian monitor. Pure civilian review is the strongest form—a civilian panel investigates, adjudicates, and recommends punishment to the police chief. The second strongest form is civilian input, in which a civilian panel receives and investigates a complaint, leaving adjudication and discipline to the department itself. The weakest of the three, the civilian monitor form, leaves investigation, adjudication, and discipline to the department, but a civilian is allowed to review the adequacy and impartiality of the process.
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What are some of the explanations offered about why crime rates tend to be higher in the South?
What will be an ideal response?
What are the four forensic science divisions at the National Research Institute of Police Science in Japan?
What will be an ideal response?
Matching
1. It's a. Applies to number. 2. Its b. A possessive form of it. 3. Intense c. Refers to the second of two things. 4. Indite d. Applies to quantity. 5. Former e. A contraction of it is. 6. Latter f. Use to describe things that are extreme. 7. Fewer g. Refers to the first of two things. 8. Less h. To set down in writing.
Statistical controls allow researchers to reduce the risk of spurious attributions of causality in nonexperimental research. The value of this for establishing causality is ______.
A. weakened due to the inability to meet the criterion of time order in nonexperimental research B. weakened due to the inability to meet the criterion of association C. weakened due to the inability to control for all extraneous variables D. stronger than the value of random assignment for establishing causality in experimental research