Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of the
a. growing influence of Russian and Frankish traditions in Spain.
b. decrease in Arab power combined with a growing Christian influence.
c. Viking invasions of the ninth century.
d. blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions.
e. blending of Islam with Roman traditions and Visigoth culture.
ANSWER:
d
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Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
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