Which client diagnosis does the nurse expect to observe clinical indicators for fluid volume deficit?
1. Heart failure
2. Kidney failure
3. Extensive burns
4. Cushing's disease
3
3. The nurse expects the client with burns to have clinical indicators for fluid volume deficit because the burns impair the skin's ability to retain moisture. In fact, burn vic-tims usually have serious fluid deficits.
1. The nurse expects the client with heart failure, kidney failure, and Cushing's syn-drome to have fluid volume excess (FVE). The client with heart failure has FVE be-cause the heart is an ineffective pump stimulating the sympathetic nervous system to compensate.
2. The client with renal failure has FVE because the kidneys do not produce urine because they do not filter water.
4. The client with Cushing's disease has FVE because of hypersecretion of steroids that increase sodium retention and, therefore, water.
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