In the context of the history of psychology, which of the following is true of the Frenchman Philippe Pinel?
A. He said that childhood experiences are responsible for adult personality development.
B. He established the view that knowledge and thoughts come from observations.
C. He was the first major proponent of humane therapies.
D. He popularized the term dementia praecox (premature dementia).
Answer: C
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Suppose that you know a woman who is an executive, and she says, "I don't think there are enough women who are really motivated to achieve.". How would you respond?
a. "You are partly correct; females earn lower scores than males do on tests of achievement motivation.". b. "You are partly correct, because the number of female college graduates is still somewhat less than the number of male college graduates.". c. "You are incorrect, because females are now actually higher than males in self-confidence.". d. "You are incorrect, because females spend more time studying than males, and they earn higher grades.".
Based on research presented in the text, which of the following is the best recommendation for disciplining children?
a. Rely mostly on reinforcement. b. Avoid reinforcement; rely mostly on punishment to achieve faster effects. c. Use only punishment. d. Use only reinforcement. e. Try to balance the use of reinforcement and punishment.
Isabelle acts as if her therapist is an important person from her past. By doing this, Isabelle will be able to re-experience her repressed emotions with her therapist helping her to recognize and understand these emotions. Freud called this process
a. therapeutic attachment. b. reciprocal inhibition. c. systematic desensitization. d. transference.
Death education needs to develop special sensitivity and compassion for its participants because
a. they are likely to be at high risk for suicidal behavior b. they are interested in these subjects for vocational reasons c. they may display morbid or unhealthy tendencies d. they may have been recently or currently impacted by a death-related experience e. they may need therapy in the classroom setting