A researcher asks five questions of a sample of community residents to find out how much they fear crime and whether their level of fear was influenced by a recent well-publicized murder in the community. Explain what the three dimensions of validity would refer to in this study and why they are important.
What will be an ideal response?
Measurement validity--questions measure what they are suppose to measure; generalizability--can these questions and findings based on these questions be applied to the general public; internal validity--does the findings from these questions reflect the level of fear in the community.
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What institution was born out of the nineteenth century environment of industrialization, urbanization, rapid immigration, and the absence of basic public services?
a. Party machines b. Wards c. Precincts d. Direct democracy
The Peace of Westphalia effectively entrenched the principle of cuius regio, eius religio, whereby
a. each ruler would have the right to determine the religion of his or her own state. b. each state would come to the defense of another state that is unfairly attacked. c. each ruler would have the right to raise a national army to defend a state's borders. d. each state would form a civilian government to supersede the power of the monarchy. e. each state would have the right to exclusively govern within its own borders.
Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama both widely used presidential ________, written messages issued upon signing a bill into law, as a way of influencing how policies were to be administered.
A. line-item vetoes B. signing statements C. pocket vetoes D. executive agreements E. vetoes
The program that established a set of rules governing prices, outputs, wages, working hours, management–labor relations, and the employment of children for American businesses was the ______.
a. CCC b. AAA c. AFA d. NRA