The advantage of adding the pretest in the nonequivalent control group design is that it
a. guarantees that the maturation threat to internal validity will not be a problem.
b. lets the researcher know if the selection threat to internal validity has resulted in groups that differ at the start of the study.
c. lets a researcher adjust the sample if there is a high level of attrition among participants.
d. increases the validity of the design by allowing for counterbalancing of groups.
b
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Ebbinghaus investigated the time course of forgetting. In some of his studies, he forced himself to learn lists of nonsense syllables and then measured how long it took to relearn the same material after various delays. When he did this, Ebbinghaus found that:
a. the longer the delay, the less time it took to relearn the material b. the longer the delay, the more time it took to relearn the material c. no matter how long the delay was, it took just as long to relearn the material as it had taken to learn it the first time d. no matter how long the delay was, it always took longer to relearn the material than it took to learn it the first time
Which of the following situations may lead to self-control fatigue?
a. Taylor, who has been resisting his temptation to drink all day. b. Kat, who avoided the doughnut shop but is now passing the bakery c. Ryan, who hasn't had a cigarette in 3 days d. All of the above
In the prisoner's dilemma research, males are _________ females
(a) more competitive than (b) less competitive than (c) about as competitive as (d) there are no data on gender effects
According to Sussman et al. (2007) what type of group includes students who do not stand out in any particular way, neither positively or negatively, and are mostly ignored by other students?
a. elite b. academics c. deviants d. others