The client has been diagnosed with pyelonephritis. The nurse interprets that which of the following health problems has placed the client at risk for this disorder?

1. Diabetes mellitus
2. Intravenous (IV) contrast medium
3. Orthostatic hypotension
4. Coronary artery disease


1

Rationale: Pyelonephritis is most commonly caused by entry of bacteria, obstruction, or reflux. Risk factors associated with pyelonephritis include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic renal calculi, chronic cystitis, overuse of analgesics, structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, presence of urinary stones, and indwelling or frequent urinary catheterization.

Nursing

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