If the patient's blood pressure drops, which of the following will help maintain adequate glomerular pressure?
a. Constriction of the afferent arteriole c. Dilation of the collecting tubule
b. Dilation of the efferent arteriole d. Constriction of the efferent arteriole
D
When the mean arterial blood pressure is decreased, the afferent arteriole dilates and the efferent arteriole constricts to maintain a higher pressure in the glomerular capillary bed and maintain the glomerular filtration rate at 125 mL/min. The ability of the kidneys to autoregulate blood flow begins to fail when the mean arterial blood pressure is less than 80 mm Hg or greater than 180 mm Hg.
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A 77-year-old female patient who is recovering in the hospital from a total knee replacement has rung her call bell and told the nurse that she needs pain medication. When assessing the patient's pain, what principle should the nurse bear in mind?
A) Older adults tend to have a blunted pain sensation, so complaints should be followed-up promptly. B) Older adults frequently confuse pain with other tactile sensations. C) Pain in older adults is often unrelated to physical harm or pathophysiological processes. D) The sensation of pain increases with age, so older adults typically feel more pain for a longer period than younger patients.
A PHN goes to a factory to find out why employees are missing so many work days. What type of assessment would be the most appropriate in this case?
A. Setting-specific assessment B. Health impact assessment C. Problem or health issue-based assessment D. Population-focused assessment
A patient with an inflammatory response is prescribed ranitidine (Zantac) 75 mg once a day. What is the nurse's best action?
a. Give the drug as ordered. b. Hold the drug and notify the prescriber. c. Teach the patient to take the drug first thing in the morning. d. Ask the patient if he or she is allergic to any drugs or other substances.
A type of fat found primarily in the subscapular, axillary, adrenal, and mediastinal regions of the newborn is which of the following?
a. pure fat c. brown fat b. triglycerides d. glycerol