The earliest proto-corporations or “trusts” were:

a. churches, towns and universities
b. 16th-century trading companies
c. slave-trading outfits
d. 19th century oil companies


a. churches, towns and universities

Criminal Justice

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The majority of crimes occurring in the United States are committed by 30-40 year old males

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

Collective embezzlement is defined by Calavita & Pontell as:

a. embezzlement of S & Ls by organized crime mobs b. crime by a corporation against a corporation c. embezzlement of S & Ls by a large collective of low-level employees d. crime by a corporation against a collective of employees

Criminal Justice

Female probation officers register higher levels of _____ than men.

a. physical stress b. internal organizational stress c. external organization stress d. personal stress

Criminal Justice

The Eyewitness Identification Guidelines from the U.S. Department of Justice apply to

a. lineups. b. interrogations. c. custody. d. booking.

Criminal Justice