While interviewing a 48-year-old client during her annual physical examination, the nurse learns that she has never had a mammogram. The American Cancer Society recommends annual mammography screening starting at age 40
Before the nurse encourages this client to begin annual screening, it is important for her to understand the reasons why women avoid testing. These reasons include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Fear of x-ray exposure
b. Expense of the procedure
c. Reluctance to hear bad news
d. Having heard that the test is painful
e. Belief that lack of family history makes this test unnecessary
ANS: A, B, C, D
Fear of x-ray exposure, expense, reluctance to hear bad news, and fear of pain are reasons women avoid having a mammogram done. Although the test is expensive, it is usually covered by health insurance, and many communities offer low-cost or free screening to women without insurance. It is important to acknowledge that some discomfort occurs with screening. Scheduling the test immediately at the end of a period makes it less painful. The risk of radiation exposure is minimal to none. Nurses play a vital role in providing information and reassurance to help women overcome these fears. Even clients with no family history should have a regular screening done. The nurse should emphasize that a combination of breast self-examination and mammography needs to be performed at regular intervals. Women with a family history may need to begin screening at a younger age and have additional testing such as ultrasound performed.
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An elderly patient is concerned that his stress level is affecting his ability to cope with many of his activities of daily living
He states that he was "raised in a family that didn't get along well" and has "struggled with his emotions in the past." The nurse's best response is: A) Family experience and early childhood experiences often have little influence on our coping ability, and stress is often related to needless worry. B) Coping is determined by our own attitude and how we decide to view our family life today; behavior needs to be controlled to decrease stress level. C) Family experience and early childhood experiences often influence a person's ability to cope, and exploring these issues may help relieve stress. D) Children raised in dysfunctional homes may become mentally ill later in life and need to be medicated; do you feel like medication may help?
The manager is concerned that a staff nurse is not appropriately implementing evidence-based practice with patient care. What did the manager observe to come to this conclusion?
1. Clinical expertise is included. 2. Patient situations are individualized. 3. Data is researched before implementing. 4. Interventions are applied to all patients assigned.
The nurse is attending a staff development program that reviews ways to prepare for a human-made disaster. An example of this type of disaster would be:
a. bombing. b. flood. c. earthquake. d. forest fire.
Prayer group members at a local Baptist church are meeting with a poor, homeless family they are supporting. Which member statement is an example of Yalom's curative group factor of altruism?
A. "I'll give you the name of a friend that rents inexpensive rooms." B. "The last time we helped a family, they got back on their feet and prospered." C. "I can give you all of my baby clothes for your little one." D. "I can appreciate your situation. I had to declare bankruptcy last year."