How does effect size relate to instrument sensitivity?
a. If an instrument is sensitive, it will have a large effect size.
b. If an instrument is not very sensitive, it will take a large effect size for the instrument to detect a difference.
c. As an instrument is better calibrated and becomes more sensitive, it increases effect size.
d. If an instrument is extremely sensitive, it will detect a difference even when none exists; because of this effect sizes must be large.
ANS: B
Well-developed instruments measure phenomena with precision. The more sensitive the measurement methods used in a study, the better they will detect even a small effect size. A sensitive instrument does not produce an effect—it measures it. Effect size is not altered by calibration of instruments; again, sensitivity does not increase effect size. A legitimate instrument detects a difference when one exists, and only when one exists.
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