Compare and contrast the fight-or-flight and tend-and-befriend responses to stress.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Like the fight-or-flight response, the tend-and-befriend response is a reaction to stress. They are quite different, however: Whereas fight or flight entails combatting or escaping an adversary or a threat more generally, the tend-and-befriend response is a reaction to stress in which an individual protects others and forms social connections. Both responses are adaptive, helping to ensure survival, and both involve generally similar neuroendocrine responses. However, whereas fight or flight reflects a sympathetic nervous system response that relies on testosterone, tend and befriend may be seen as a parasympathetic response reflecting the hormone oxytocin. Males tend to display fight-or-flight responses, whereas females more often demonstrate tend-and-befriend responses.
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a) True b) False
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preattachment new attachment attachment in the making classic attachment
Ethology, evolutionary developmental psychology, sociocultural theory, and the lifespan perspective all view development as
A) primarily influenced by nature. B) primarily influenced by nurture. C) both continuous and discontinuous. D) one course with universal stages.
During early childhood ___________________
a. the amount of tooth decay is similar between children in developing and developed countries b. girls are slightly taller and heavier than boys c. physical development occurs at a more rapid pace than it did in the first three years d. most children become more like adults in terms of their body proportions