Synapsis is best described as:
A. the exchange of genetic information
between sister chromatids.
B. the alignment of non-sister chromatids at
the metaphase plate.
C. the exchange of genetic information
between non-sister chromatids.
D. the alignment of homologous
chromosomes in prophase 1.
D
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To be useful to scientists, a hypothesis must be ________; in other words, the hypothesis must be able to be confirmed or discredited.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
A student argued that aerobic and anaerobic respiration should produce the same amount of energy
He argued that both processes are essentially the same-only the terminal electron acceptor is different. What's wrong with his argument? A. Nothing-they SHOULD both produce the same amount of energy. Clearly he knows more than his professors or the writers of his textbook. B. Not all electrons are brought into the electron transport chain with the same amounts of potential energy. NADH, for example, enters the electron transport chain "further up" than FADH2-so it will lead to less proton motive force being generated, and thus less eventual ATP. C. Not all electron acceptors are the same-some are closer in terms of electronegativity to their high-energy electron carrier molecules (e.g., NADH) than others. The amount of energy that can eventually be obtained is directly proportional to the degree of difference in electronegativity between the high-energy electron carrier and the eventual terminal electron acceptor. The greater the difference, the greater the energy obtained. Oxygen typically has the highest electron affinity of the terminal electron acceptors utilized. D. He should believe what his instructors tell him, without question-and they say aerobic respiration is better, so it MUST be so.
Microbiologists take bacterial cells and plate them on a medium in order to grow a mound of cells adequate for study. What is the proper term for a mound of cells that develops after plating the bacteria on a suitable medium?
A) culture B) growth C) colony D) clump
Natural killer cells
A) are phagocytes that attack and kill pathogenic microorganisms. B) attack virus-infected cells by releasing chemicals that lead to cell death. C) tag pathogenic microorganisms with antibodies. D) "eat" microorganisms that have been tagged with antibodies.